8.2.3 ELIZA
1968年,J.Weizenbaum在美国麻省理工学院设计的ELIZA系统,或许是这些基于"模式匹配"的自然语言系统中最有名一个。系统模拟一位心理治疗医生(机器)同一位患者(用户)的谈话:
Men are all alike。 (男人都一样。)
IN WHAT WAY (怎么一样法?)
They're always bugging us about something or
other.
(他们总是用这样或那样的事情来烦扰我们。)
CAN YOU THINK OF A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE
(你能举一个例子吗?)
Well,my boyfriend made me come here
(您看,我男朋友叫我到您这儿来。)
YOUR BOYFRIEND MADE YOU COME HERE
(啊!您男朋友叫您到我这儿来?)
He says I'm depressed much of the time.
(他说我总是情绪消沉。)
I AM SORRY TO HEAR YOU ARE DEPRESSED
(听说您情绪消沉,我很遗憾。)
It's true.I am unhappy。
(是啊,我心情不好。)
DO YOU THINK COMING HERE WILL HELP YOU NOT TO BE UNHAPPY
(您认为上我这儿来会让你高兴起来吗?)
I need some help,that much seems certain.
((那当然啦,我需要帮助。)
WHAT WOULD IT MEAN TO YOU IF YOU GOT SOME HELP
(如果您得到帮助,对您来说,这意味着什么呢?)
Perhaps I could led learn to get along with my mother.
(也许我能学会同我妈妈相处好。)
TELL ME MORE ABOUT YOUR FAMILY
(多告诉我-些您家的事儿,好吗?)
ELIZA同前面的两个系统相比,并没有引入更多的智能机制,但其随机应变的对话却显示出惊人的真实性,几乎达到乱真的程度。下面就是ELIZA用来解释输入句子的脚本片断:
(HOW DO YOU DO.PLEASE TELL ME YOUR
PROBLEM) 您好,告诉我您有些什么问题、
START
(ME=YOU) 见到"me"就翻译成"you"
(I=YOU) 见到"I"就翻译成"you"
(REMEMBER 5 "remember"这个词的优先级是5
((0 YOU REMEMBER 0) "0"是一个通配符
(DO YOU OFTEN THINK OF 4) 您时常想到4吗?
(DOES THINKING OF 4 BRING ANYTHING ELSE TO MIND) 提到4让您想起些什么?
(WHAT ELSE DO YOU REMEMER) 您还回忆起些什么别的事儿?
(WHY DO YOU REMEMBER 4 JUST NOW) 为什么您刚才想起4?
(WHAT IS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ME AND 4))我和4之间有什么联系?
((0 Do I REMEMBER 0)
(DID YOU THINK I WOULD FORGET 5) 您认为我会忘记5吗?
(WHY DO YOU THINK I SHOULD RECALL 5 NOW)) 为什么您认为现在我应当想起5?
(PERHAPS((0)
(YOU DOH'T SEEM QUITE CERTAIN) 看来您不大肯定。
(WHY THE UNCERTAIN TONE))) 您为什么不大肯定?
(COMPUTER 50 "computer"这个词的优先级是50
((0)
(Do COMPUTERS WORRY YOU) 计算机让您心烦吗?
(WHY DO YOU MENTION COMPUTERS) 您为什么提到计算机?
(DON'T YOU THINK COMPUTERS CAN HELP PEOPLE))) 您是否认为计算机能帮助人?
(MACHINE 50(=COMPUTER))
(MOTHER DLIST(/NOUN FAMIIY)) "mother"属于词类FAMILY
(MOM=MOTHER DLIST(/FAMILY))
(DAD=FATHER DLIST(/NOUN FAMILY))
(FATHER DLIST(/FAMILY))
(MY=YOUR 2
((0 YOUR 0(/FAMILY)0)
(TELL ME MORE ABOUT YOUR FAMILY) 多告诉我一些您家的事儿,好吗?
(WHO ELSE IN YOUR FAMILY 5) 您家里5还有谁?
(YOUR 4))
((0 YOUR 0)
(YOUR 3)
(WHY DO YOU SAY YOUR 3) 您为什么提到您的3?
(IS IT IMPORTANT TO YOU THAT 23))) 23对您来说重要吗?
((0)
(YOU SAY l) 您说1
(CAN YOU ELABORATEON THAT) 您能否详细谈谈这个问题?
(THAT'S QUITE INTERESTING)) 这很有趣。
ELIZA同前面的两个系统相比,并没有引入更多的智能机制,但其随机应变的对话却显示出惊人的真实性,几乎达到乱真的程度。下面就是ELIZA用来解释输入句子的脚本片断:
(HOW DO YOU DO.PLEASE TELL ME YOUR
PROBLEM) 您好,告诉我您有些什么问题
START
(ME=YOU) 见到"me"就翻译成"you"
(I=YOU) 见到"I"就翻译成"you"
(REMEMBER 5 "remember"这个词的优先级是5
((0 YOU REMEMBER 0) "0"是一个通配符
(DO YOU OF TEN THINK OF 4) 您时常想到4吗?
(DOES THINKING OF 4 BRING ANYTHING ELSE TO MIND) 提到4让您想起些什么?
(WHAT ELSE DO YOU REMEMER) 您还回忆起些什么别的事儿?
(WHY DO YOU REMEMBER 4 JUST NOW) 为什么您刚才想起4?
(WHAT IS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ME AND 4)),"我和4之间有什么联系?
((0 Do I REMEMBER 0)
(DID YOU THINK I WOULD FORGET 5) 您认为我会忘记5吗?
(WHY Do YOU THINK I SHOULD RECALL 5 NOW)) 为什么您认为现在我应当想起5?
(PERHAPS((0)
(YOU DOH'T SEEM QUITE CERTAIN) 看来您不大肯定。
(WHY THE UNCERTAIN TONE))) 您为什么不大肯定?
(COMPUTER 50 "computer"这个词的优先级是50
((0)
(Do COMPUTERS WORRY YOU) 计算机让您心烦吗?
(WHY DO YOU MENTION COMPUTERS) 您为什么提到计算机?
(DON'T YOU THINK COMPUTERS CAN HELP PEOPLE))) 您是否认为计算机能帮助人?
(MACHINE 50(=COMPUTER))
(MOTHER DLIST(/NOUN FAMIIY)) "mother"属于词类FAMILY
(MOM=MOTHER DLIST(/FAMILY))
(DAD=FATHER DLIST(/NOUN FAMILY))
(FATHER DLIST(/FAMILY))
(MY=YOUR 2
((0 YOUR 0(/FAMILY)0)
(TELL ME MORE ABOUT YOUR FAMILY) 多告诉我一些您家的事儿,好吗?
(WHO ELSE IN YOUR FAMILY 5) 您家里5还有谁?
(YOUR 4))
((0 YOUR 0)
(YOUR 3)
(WHY DO YOU SAY YOUR 3) 您为什么提到您的3?
(IS IT IMPORTANT TO YOU THAT 23))) 23对您来说重要吗?
((0)
(YOU SAY l) 您说1
(CAN YOU ELABORATEON THAT) 您能否详细谈谈这个问题?
(THAT'S QUITEINTERESTING)) 这很有趣。
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